Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) with the rack in the center position. Grease a 9x5 inch loaf pan and line it with a parchment paper sling, leaving a couple of inches of overhang on each side for easy removal.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, and ginger until evenly combined. Set aside.
In a second large bowl, whisk together the pumpkin puree, granulated sugar, and brown sugar, then add the eggs one at a time, followed by the vegetable oil, milk, and vanilla extract. Whisk until smooth and glossy.
Pour the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients and fold together with a rubber spatula just until no dry streaks remain — do not overmix. Set the pumpkin batter aside.
Beat the softened cream cheese with a hand mixer on medium speed until smooth, then add the sugar, egg yolk, and vanilla extract and beat for 1 to 2 minutes until thick and completely lump-free.
Spread half the pumpkin batter into the prepared pan, then spoon the cream cheese filling evenly on top, keeping it about ½ inch from the edges. Cover with the remaining pumpkin batter, spreading gently to seal.
For a marbled effect, drag a thin knife or toothpick through the batter in 4 to 5 gentle S-shaped passes. Skip this step if you prefer clean, defined layers.
Bake at 350°F for 55 to 65 minutes, until a toothpick inserted into the pumpkin portion (not the cream cheese center) comes out clean. If the top browns too quickly, tent loosely with foil for the remaining bake time.
Cool the bread in the pan for 15 minutes, then lift it out using the parchment sling and transfer to a wire rack. Allow it to cool for at least 30 more minutes before slicing so the cream cheese filling sets properly.