Place an oven rack in the center position and preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 10x15-inch jelly roll pan with parchment paper, leaving overhang on the sides, and lightly grease the parchment.
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, cinnamon, ginger, and salt for about 30 seconds until evenly combined. Set aside.
Add eggs and granulated sugar to a large bowl. Beat on high speed for about 3 minutes until pale, thick, and ribbon-like when the beaters are lifted.
Gently fold in the pumpkin puree with a spatula until fully combined. Gradually add the dry ingredients, folding until no streaks remain, being careful not to overmix.
Pour batter into the prepared pan and spread evenly into the corners. Tap the pan gently on the counter to release air bubbles. Bake for 13-15 minutes, until the cake springs back when lightly touched.
Immediately dust a clean kitchen towel generously with powdered sugar. Invert the hot cake onto the towel and peel off the parchment. Starting from a short end, roll the cake and towel together into a log. Place seam-side down on a wire rack and cool completely, about 1 hour.
Beat softened cream cheese, butter, powdered sugar, and vanilla in a large bowl until smooth and fluffy, starting on low speed. Scrape down the bowl as needed and adjust sweetness to taste.
Gently unroll the cooled cake. Spread filling evenly over the cake, leaving a 1-inch border on all sides. Use an offset spatula for smooth application.
Roll the cake back up without the towel, starting from the same short end. Wrap tightly in plastic wrap and chill for at least 1 hour to set the shape.
Unwrap the roll and dust with more powdered sugar. Slice into 1-inch pieces using a serrated knife, wiping the knife between cuts for neat edges. Serve chilled.